Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which runs from your lower back down through your hips, buttocks, and legs, often caused by a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.

Disc herniation or bulges occur when the soft inner material of a spinal disc pushes through its outer layer, potentially pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain, numbness, or weakness.

Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the spaces within the spine, which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, leading to pain, tingling, or muscle weakness.

Spinal arthritis is a condition where the cartilage between the joints in the spine wears down, leading to inflammation, stiffness, and chronic pain, particularly in the lower back or neck.

Degenerative disc disease involves the gradual breakdown of the spinal discs, which can lead to pain, reduced flexibility, and discomfort, particularly during movement or standing for long periods.

Nerve pain, or neuropathic pain, is caused by damage or dysfunction in the nerves, often resulting in sharp, shooting, or burning sensations that can be chronic and challenging to manage.